Dental sealants are a thin, protective coating applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth, typically molars, to prevent tooth decay and cavities. This simple yet effective treatment creates a barrier that shields vulnerable areas from bacteria, food particles, and plaque buildup. As a key part of preventive dental care, dental sealants are crucial in maintaining long-term oral health by reducing the likelihood of cavities, especially in children and those with deep grooves in their teeth. Incorporating sealants into regular dental routines is essential in safeguarding your teeth and minimizing the need for costly dental treatments in the future.

What Are Dental Sealants?

Dental Sealants are usually made from durable materials like resin or glass ionomer, which bond securely to the teeth. They are the protective coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of teeth, primarily the back teeth to help prevent cavities. The procedure is quick, non-invasive, and provides long-term protection, making it an effective measure for those at higher risk for cavities.

Types of Dental Sealants

Dental sealants come in several types, each designed to meet specific needs based on tooth location and the patient’s dental health. The materials used vary, providing different levels of protection and benefits. Choosing the appropriate type depends on factors such as durability, fluoride release, and the patient’s age or dental condition.

Resin-Based Sealants

Resin-based sealants are made from composite resins, which are applied as a liquid and hardened with a special light. They bond well to the tooth surface, offering long-lasting protection against cavities. These sealants are often used for permanent teeth, as they are durable and effective at filling deep grooves. The resin can be clear or tooth-colored, making it a discrete option for children and adults.

Glass Ionomer Sealants

Glass ionomer sealants are made from a combination of glass particles and an acidic solution. They bond directly to the tooth and are known for releasing fluoride, which helps to remineralize the tooth enamel. These sealants are often used on baby teeth or mouth areas that experience less wear. Although they may not last as long as resin-based sealants, they are still effective at preventing cavities.

Compomer Sealants

Compomer sealants blend composite resins and glass ionomer, providing both fluoride release and a durable coating. They are commonly applied to back teeth and can withstand chewing forces. Compomer sealants offer a longer-lasting solution than glass ionomer while providing added fluoride protection. They are handy for children and adolescents at higher risk for cavities.

Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Sealants

Resin-modified glass ionomer sealants combine the durability of resin and the fluoride-releasing benefits of glass ionomer. These sealants are ideal for patients who need both cavity protection and the added benefit of fluoride to strengthen their teeth. Though they are less durable than pure resin-based sealants, they still offer a reliable layer of protection. They are especially beneficial in areas prone to decay and can be a good option for those with specific fluoride needs.

How Dental Sealants Work

Dental sealants are a quick and effective way to protect teeth from cavities. Applied to the chewing surfaces of molars, sealants act as a shield, preventing food and bacteria from getting trapped in the deep grooves of teeth. The process of applying sealants is simple, non-invasive, and typically painless. Here’s how the application works and how sealants protect your teeth:

Preparation of the Tooth Surface

Before the sealant is applied, the dentist thoroughly cleans and dries the tooth. This step ensures the tooth surface is free of plaque and debris, allowing the sealant to adhere properly. The tooth is then isolated to prevent moisture from interfering with the application.

Etching the Tooth Surface

Next, the dentist applies a special acidic gel to the tooth surface. This gel roughens the enamel slightly, creating a textured surface that helps the sealant bond more effectively. After a short period, the gel is rinsed off, leaving the tooth ready for the sealant.

Application of the Sealant

Once the tooth surface is prepared, the dentist applies the liquid sealant to the grooves. The material is carefully spread to cover all vulnerable areas of the tooth’s surface. The liquid hardens and forms a protective coating that seals food particles and bacteria.

Curing the Sealant

A special curing light is used to ensure the sealant sets properly. This light activates the chemicals in the sealant, causing it to harden within a few seconds. Once cured, the sealant becomes durable and provides long-lasting protection for the tooth.

Final Check and Adjustment

After the sealant has hardened, the dentist checks to ensure it is properly applied and doesn’t affect the patient’s bite. If necessary, the sealant is adjusted to provide comfort and fit. The dentist will advise how to care for the treated teeth to maintain the sealant’s effectiveness.

The Benefits of Dental Sealants

Dental sealants offer numerous advantages that significantly contribute to better oral health. They provide extra protection against tooth decay, especially for children and individuals prone to cavities. The benefits go beyond cavity prevention and can also help improve the dental experience by reducing the need for more intensive procedures.

Prevent Tooth Decay

Dental sealants create a barrier on the chewing surfaces of molars, protecting them from food particles and bacteria. They also help prevent cavities from forming in the deep grooves of teeth, which are difficult to clean with regular brushing. Sealants are particularly beneficial for children who may not have fully developed brushing habits. Over time, this added protection can significantly reduce the risk of cavities and decay.

Minimize Plaque Buildup

Sealants make it harder for plaque to accumulate in the grooves and fissures of teeth. Plaque, which contains harmful bacteria, contributes to tooth decay. By creating a smooth, sealed surface, sealants make it easier to maintain a clean tooth surface. Moreover, having dental sealant reduces the chances of plaque-causing further dental issues, such as gum disease or cavities.

Reduce Dental Costs

Preventing cavities through sealants can save money in the long run. Treating cavities or undergoing root canals, fillings, or crowns can be costly. Many of these expensive procedures can be avoided by applying sealants early, as sealants protect teeth from decay. The cost of sealant application is significantly lower than the cost of restorative dental treatments.

Offer Quick and Painless Application

The process of applying dental sealants is simple and takes very little time. There is no need for drilling or anesthesia, making it a non-invasive procedure. Most patients experience little to no discomfort during the application, making it an excellent option for children or individuals who may have anxiety about dental procedures.

Provide Long-Lasting Protection

Dental sealants provide long-lasting protection, often staying intact for several years. Depending on the type of sealant and the wear on the teeth, the protection can last anywhere from five to ten years. Regular check-ups can help ensure that the sealants are intact and functioning correctly. When needed, sealants can be reapplied to maintain optimal protection.

Improve Oral Hygiene

Since dental sealants help keep food and bacteria from settling into hard-to-reach areas, they make it easier to maintain good oral hygiene. Brushing and flossing become more effective with less plaque buildup in the sealed grooves. It can lead to healthier gums and teeth over time. Individuals struggling with effectively brushing in certain areas will find sealants especially helpful.

Protect Deep Grooves and Pits

Molars and premolars often have deep grooves that are difficult to clean thoroughly, making them more susceptible to cavities. Dental sealants fill in these grooves, providing a smooth surface that is easier to clean. This extra layer of protection shields these vulnerable areas from bacterial infiltration. Even if the patient has trouble brushing properly, the sealant protects these teeth.

Safe and Non-Toxic 

Most dental sealants are made from safe, biocompatible materials approved by dental associations. These materials are designed to be durable, stable, and free of harmful substances. Glass ionomer and resin-based sealants are common choices, both of which offer effective protection without harming the tooth or body. Research supports the safety of these materials when used in dental procedures.

Suitable for All Ages

While dental sealants are commonly applied to children, adults can also benefit from them. Sealants can be used for any teeth that show signs of deep grooves or wear, regardless of age. This makes sealants a versatile solution for improving oral health at any stage of life. For adults who didn’t have sealants as children, applying them later in life can still prevent decay and preserve dental health.

No Need for Special Maintenance

Once dental sealants are applied, there is no need for special care or maintenance. Regular brushing and flossing are sufficient to keep the sealants and teeth clean. Sealants do not require additional appointments for upkeep unless a dentist finds that they need to be reapplied or touched up. This convenience makes dental sealants a low-maintenance solution for cavity prevention.

How Long Do Dental Sealants Last?

Dental sealants provide long-lasting protection for your teeth, but their lifespan can vary depending on the type of material used and your oral habits. On average, dental sealants can stay effective for several years, offering continued defense against cavities. Regular dental check-ups will ensure that the sealants remain intact and functional.

Five to Seven Years

On average, dental sealants last between five to seven years. This duration can depend on how well you care for your teeth and the type of sealant used. Regular dental visits can help identify when it’s time to reapply.

Seven to Ten Years

Some dental sealants, particularly resin-based sealants, can last up to ten years. The longevity of these sealants is influenced by factors such as the wear on the teeth and how well the sealant bonds to the tooth surface. Sealants applied to teeth that do not experience heavy chewing forces tend to last longer.

Less Than Five Years

Occasionally, dental sealants may need to be replaced within five years. This can happen if the sealants wear down due to heavy chewing or are damaged during routine activities. Regular monitoring by a dentist will help determine when the sealants need to be reapplied.

Lifetime of the Tooth

In some instances, dental sealants can last for the entire lifespan of the tooth. However, this is rare and depends on proper care and the absence of conditions that can wear down the sealant. If properly maintained and periodically checked, sealants can provide long-term protection for your teeth.

Protect Your Teeth From Cavities With Dental Sealants

Dental sealants offer a simple and effective way to protect your teeth from cavities, especially in hard-to-reach areas like molars. Sealants significantly reduce the risk of tooth decay by forming a durable barrier against food particles, bacteria, and plaque. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene can help maintain the sealant’s effectiveness, ensuring long-term protection for your teeth. Considering the minimal cost and effort, dental sealants are a worthwhile investment in oral health.

Visit our Harris Dental blog to learn about dental sealants and why they’re great for your teeth.